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Olof Leimar: publications

Here is a list of my scientific publications, in reverse chronological order. For some of the papers, I have pdfs available for download. For papers in press, these are manuscripts or proofs.

• Balogh, A. C. V., Gamberale-Stille, G., Tullberg, B.S. and Leimar, O. 2009. Feature theory and the two-step hypothesis of Müllerian mimicry evolution. Evolution, in press.
• Ryman, N. and Leimar, O. 2009. G_ST is still a useful measure of genetic differentiation - a comment on Jost's D. Mol. Ecol. 18: 2084-2087.
• Leimar, O. 2009. Multidimensional convergence stability. Evol. Ecol. Res. 11: 191-208.
• Enfjäll, K. and Leimar, O. 2009. The evolution of dispersal - the importance of information about population density and habitat characteristics. Oikos 118: 291-299.
• Leimar, O. 2009. Environmental and genetic cues in the evolution of phenotypic polymorphism. Evol. Ecol. 23: 125-135.
• Ruxton, G. D., Franks, D. W., Balogh, A. C. V. and Leimar, O. 2008. Evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for aposematic signals and mimicry in prey. Evolution 62: 2913-2921.
• Bshary, R., Grutter, A. S., Willener, A. S. T. and Leimar, O. 2008. Pairs of cooperating cleaner fish provide better service quality than singletons. Nature 455: 964-966. ; Supplementary Information:
• Balogh, A. C. V., Gamberale-Stille, G. and Leimar, O. 2008. Learning and the mimicry spectrum - from quasi-Bates to super-Müller. Anim. Behav. 76: 1591-1599.
• Bergvall, U. A., Rautio, P., Sirén, H., Tuomi, J. and Leimar, O. 2008. The effect of spatial scale on plant associational defences against mammalian herbivores. Écoscience 15: 343-348.
• Ryman, N. and Leimar, O. 2008. Effect of mutation on genetic differentiation among non-equilibrium populations. Evolution 62: 2250-2259. ; Supporting Information:
• Rautio, P., Kesti, K., Bergvall, U. A., Tuomi, J. and Leimar, O. 2008. Spatial scales of foraging in fallow deer: implications for associational effects in plant defences. Acta Oecol. 34: 12-20.
• Leimar, O., Doebeli, M. and Dieckmann, U. 2008. Evolution of phenotypic clusters through competition and local adaptation along an environmental gradient. Evolution 62: 807-822.
• Leimar, O. 2008. Game theory and biology. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Durlauf, S. N. and Blume, L. E. (eds). Palgrave Macmillan.
• Wolf, M., van Doorn, G. S., Leimar, O. and Weissing, F. J. 2008. Do animal personalities emerge? - Reply. Nature 451: E9-E10.
• Wolf, M., van Doorn, G. S., Leimar, O. and Weissing, F. J. 2007. Evolution of animal personalities - Reply. Nature 450: E5-E6.
• Bergvall, U. A., Rautio, P., Luotola, T. and Leimar, O. 2007. A test of simultaneous and successive negative contrast in fallow deer foraging behaviour. Anim. Behav. 74: 395-402.
• Wolf, M., van Doorn, G. S., Leimar, O. and Weissing, F. J. 2007. Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities. Nature 447: 581-584. ; Supplementary Information:
• Doebeli, M., Blok, H. J., Leimar, O. and Dieckmann, U. 2007. Multimodal pattern formation in phenotype distributions of sexual populations. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274: 347-357.
• Leimar, O. and Hammerstein, P. 2006. Facing the facts. J. Evol. Biol. 19: 1403-1405.
• Hammerstein, P. and Leimar, O. 2006. Cooperating for direct fitness benefits. J. Evol. Biol. 19: 1400-1402.
• Rueffler, C., Van Dooren, T. J. M., Leimar, O. and Abrams, P. A. 2006. Disruptive selection and then what? Trends Ecol. Evol. 21: 238-245.
• Leimar, O., Hammerstein, P. and Van Dooren, T. J. M. 2006. A new perspective on developmental plasticity and the principles of adaptive morph determination. Am. Nat. 167: 367-376. ; electronic appendix:
• Bergvall, U. A., Rautio, P., Kesti, K., Tuomi, J. and Leimar, O. 2006. Associational effects of plant defences in relation to within- and between-patch food choice by a mammalian herbivore: neighbour contrast susceptibility and defence. Oecologia 147: 253-260.
• Balogh, A. C. V. and Leimar, O. 2005. Müllerian mimicry: an examination of Fisher's theory of gradual evolutionary change. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 272: 2269-2275.
• Alm Bergvall, U. and Leimar, O. 2005. Plant secondary compounds and the frequency of food types affect food choice by mammalian herbivores. Ecology 86: 2450-2460.
• Leimar, O. 2005. The evolution of phenotypic polymorphism: randomized strategies versus evolutionary branching. Am. Nat. 165: 669-681. ; electronic appendix:
• Enfjäll, K. and Leimar, O. 2005. Density-dependent dispersal in the Glanville fritillary, Melitaea cinxia. Oikos 108: 465-472.
• Lange, H. and Leimar, O. 2004. Social stability and daily body mass gain in great tits. Behav. Ecol. 15: 549-554.
• Leimar, O., Van Dooren, T. J. M. and Hammerstein, P. 2004. Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of environmental sex determination. J. Theor. Biol. 227: 561-570.
• Van Dooren, T. J. M. and Leimar, O. 2003. The evolution of environmental and genetic sex determination in fluctuating environments. Evolution 57: 2667-2677.
• Merckx, T., Van Dyck H., Karlsson, B. and Leimar, O. 2003. The evolution of movements and behaviour at boundaries in different landscapes: a common arena experiment with butterflies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270: 1815-1821.
• Bergstrom, C. T., Bronstein, J. L., Bshary, R., Connor, R. C., Daly, M., Frank, S. A., Gintis, H., Keller, L., Leimar, O., Noe, R. and Queller, D. C. 2003. Interspecific mutualism: puzzles and predictions. In: P. Hammerstein (ed). Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation, pp. 241-256. MIT Press.
• Leimar, O. and Connor, R. C. 2003. By-product benefits, reciprocity and pseudoreciprocity in mutualism. In: P. Hammerstein (ed). Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation, pp. 203-222. MIT Press.
• Leimar, O., Norberg, U. and Wiklund, C. 2003. Habitat preference and habitat exploration in two species of satyrine butterflies. Ecography 26: 474-480.
• Lange, H. and Leimar, O. 2003. The function of threat display in wintering great tits. Anim. Behav. 65: 573-584.
• Norberg, U. and Leimar, O. 2002. Spatial and temporal variation in flight morphology in the butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77: 445-453.
• Alm, U., Birgersson, B. and Leimar, O. 2002. The effect of food quality and relative abundance on food choice in fallow deer. Anim. Behav. 64: 439-445.
• Hammerstein, P. and Leimar, O. 2002. Ants on a Turing trail. Nature 418: 141-142.
• Norberg, U., Enfjäll, K. and Leimar, O. 2002. Habitat exploration in butterflies - an outdoor cage experiment. Evol. Ecol. 16: 1-14. ; erratum:
• Leimar, O. 2001. Evolutionary change and Darwinian demons. Selection 2: 65-72.
• Wiklund, C., Karlsson, B. and Leimar, O. 2001. Sexual conflict and cooperation in butterfly reproduction - a comparative study on polyandry and female fitness. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268: 1661-1667.
• Lange, H. and Leimar, O. 2001. The influence of predation risk on threat display in great tits. Behav. Ecol. 12: 375-380.
• Leimar, O. and Hammerstein, P. 2001. Evolution of cooperation through indirect reciprocity. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268: 745-753.
• Tullberg, B. S., Leimar, O. and Gamberale-Stille, G. 2000. Did aggregation favour the initial evolution of warning coloration? A novel world revisited. Anim. Behav. 59: 281-287.
• Tuomi, J., Augner, M. and Leimar, O. 1999. Fitness interactions among plants: optimal defence and evolutionary game theory. In: T. O. Vuorisalo and P. K. Mutikainen (eds). Life History Evolution in Plants, pp. 63-83. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Lyrholm, T., Leimar, O., Johannesson, B. and Gyllensten, U. 1999. Sex-biased dispersal in sperm whales: contrasting mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure of global populations. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266: 347-354.
• Leimar, O. and Tuomi, J. 1998. Synergistic selection and graded traits. Evol. Ecol. 12: 59-71.
• Leimar, O. and Norberg, U. 1997. Metapopulation extinction and genetic variation in dispersal-related traits. Oikos 80: 448-458.
• Leimar, O. 1997b. Reciprocity and communication of partner quality. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264: 1209-1215.
• Leimar, O. 1997a. Repeated games: a state space approach. J. Theor. Biol. 184: 471-498.
• Karlsson, B., Leimar, O. and Wiklund, C. 1997. Unpredictable environments, nuptial gifts and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in insects: an experiment. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264: 475-479.
• Lyrholm, T., Leimar, O. and Gyllensten, U. 1996. Low diversity and biased substitution patterns in the mitochondrial DNA control region of sperm whales: implications for estimates of time since common ancestry. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 1318-1326.
• Axén, A. H., Leimar, O. and Hoffman, V. 1996. Signalling in a mutualistic interaction. Anim. Behav. 52: 321-333.
• Leimar, O. 1996a. Life-history analysis of the Trivers and Willard sex-ratio problem. Behav. Ecol. 7: 316-325.
• Leimar, O. 1996b. Life history plasticity: influence of photoperiod on growth and development in the common blue butterfly. Oikos 76: 228-234.
• Abrams, P. A., Leimar, O., Nylin, S. and Wiklund, C. 1996. The effect of flexible growth rates on optimal sizes and development times in a seasonal environment. Am. Nat. 147: 381-395.
• Leimar, O., Karlsson, B. and Wiklund, C. 1994. Unpredictable food and sexual size dimorphism in insects. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 258: 121-125.
• Leimar, O. and Axén, A. H. 1993. Strategic behaviour in an interspecific mutualism: interactions between lycaenid larvae and ants. Anim. Behav. 46: 1177-1182.
• Enquist, M. and Leimar, O. 1993. The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms. Anim. Behav. 45: 747-757.
• Leimar, O. and Sillén-Tullberg, B. 1991. Egg-clustering: mother wants her neighbour's offspring to be eaten first. Ethology 88: 342-344.
• Leimar, O., Austad, S. N. and Enquist, M. 1991. A test of the sequential assessment game: fighting in the bowl and doily spider Frontinella pyramitela. Evolution 45: 862-874.
• Enquist, M., Leimar, O., Ljungberg, T., Mallner, Y. and Segerdahl, N. 1990. A test of the sequential assessment game: fighting in the cichlid fish Nannacara anomala. Anim. Behav. 40: 1-14.
• Enquist, M. and Leimar, O. 1990. The evolution of fatal fighting. Anim. Behav. 39: 1-9.
• Sillén-Tullberg, B. and Leimar, O. 1988. The evolution of gregariousness in distasteful insects as a defence against predators. Am. Nat. 132: 723-734.
• Enquist, M. and Leimar, O. 1987. Evolution of fighting behaviour: the effect of variation in resource value. J. Theor. Biol. 127: 187-205.
• Leimar, O. and Ryman, N. 1987. Faderskapsanalys (paternity analysis). Ch. 8 in J. Lindsten och L. Iselius. Klinisk genetik. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm.
• Chakraborty, R. and Leimar, O. 1987. Genetic variation within a subdivided population. In: N. Ryman and F. Utter. (eds). Population Genetics and & Fishery Management, pp. 89-120. Washington Sea Grant Publications/University of Washington Press, Seattle.
• Leimar, O., Enquist, M. and Sillén-Tullberg, B. 1986. Evolutionary stability of aposematic coloration and prey unprofitability: a theoretical analysis. Am. Nat. 128: 469-490.
• Leimar, O. and Ryman, N. 1984. The distribution of the paternity index as a basis for the evaluation of sequential testing in paternity analysis. Hum. Hered. 34: 46-58.
• Leimar, O. and Enquist, M. 1984. Effects of asymmetries in owner-intruder conflicts. J. Theor. Biol. 111: 475-491.
• Enquist, M. and Leimar, O. 1983. Evolution of fighting behaviour: decision rules and assessment of relative strength. J. Theor. Biol. 102: 387-410.
• Blomberg, C., von Heijne, G. and Leimar, O. 1981. Competition, coexistence and irreversibility in models of early molecular evolution. In: Y. Wolman (ed). Origin of Life. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
• Edholm, O. and Leimar, O. 1979. The accuracy of Kramers' theory of chemical kinetics. Physica 98A: 313-324.
• von Heijne, G., Leimar, O. and Blomberg, C. 1978. On the emergence of new function in primitive proteins. J. Theor. Biol. 75: 167-180.